渭北旱塬果园土壤干燥化生态修复方式效应研究

【目的】探讨不同生态修复方式对渭北旱塬果园土壤水分和果树光合特性的影响。【方法】2012-05-12,以地处渭北旱塬的陕西陇县梁甫村10年生红富士苹果园为研究对象,设置秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜、微孔梯度深层集水、秸秆覆盖+起垄覆膜、秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水、起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水、起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖7个处理,以裸地为对照(CK),于7-11月每月30号采集果园0~2m土层土样测定土壤含水量,8-9月每月30号测定果树叶片光合特性。【结果】各处理0~2m土层土壤平均含水量均高于对照,其中以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖处理的效果最好,其0~1m土层土壤含水量比对照提高9.83%,1~2m土层土壤含水量比对照提高7.91%,其次是秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水处理,其0~1和1~2m土层土壤含水量分别比对照增加8.55%和7.40%;不同生态修复方式均能明显提高苹果树的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),且均以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖处理最高,其Pn、Tr、Gs分别比对照提高了18.46%,0.90%和52.94%。各生态修复处理的Pn均与对照差异达极显著水平(P0.01),而在Tr和Gs中,除起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖和秸秆覆盖+微孔梯度深层集水处理与对照差异达显著水平(P0.05)外,其他处理均与对照差异不显著。Pn、Tr、Gs与土壤含水量呈正相关线性关系。【结论】微孔梯度深层集水方式与地表覆盖方式相结合能够大幅度提高土壤水分含量,影响果树光合特性,其中以起垄覆膜+微孔梯度深层集水+秸秆覆盖方式效果最好,可作为改善果园土壤干燥化的方法加以利用。     

果园割草机割茬高度机构运动分析与设计

生草制矮砧密植园苹果园草势生长状态可有效控制果园水分,协调果园微域环境。为此,利用数学模型分析了平行四杆机构的运动参数,确定了割茬高度调节手柄转动角度与割茬高度间对应的数学关系。分析表明,高度调节手柄转动角度α为-16.13°,-9.59°,-3.18°,3.18°,9.59°和16.13°等6个角度时,对应割茬高度为50,60,70,80,90,100mm,实现了割茬高度精确控制;同时,应用AIP软件创建割茬高度调整机构数字样机,满足割茬高度的有级调整要求。     

琯溪蜜柚柚瓣的臭氧处理结合气调包装保鲜研究

采用正交试验设计，优选出最佳的臭氧处理时间和气体成分，分析了臭氧处理结合气调包装（MAP）保鲜对琯溪蜜柚柚瓣品质的影响。结果表明：臭氧处理结合气调包装的方法可明显延长琯溪蜜柚柚瓣的保鲜时间，改善保鲜柚瓣的品质，臭氧处理5min，以5％O2、3％CO2、92％N2的气体成分包装的保鲜效果最好。     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

种子园配置设计的计算机处理系统

借助计算机辅助进行种子园配置设计，根据不规则山地的定植图，模拟出完全随机、完全随机区组、顺序错位、雌雄区组、平衡不完全区组、拉丁方、矩形区组方、约束随机区组、约束更换区组等设计方案，供使用者选择．软件设计为中文菜单式人机对话形式，应用计算机辅助设计（ＣＡＤ），复盖和编译等优化技术．经过实际运行结果表明，此系统功能较强，适用性及通用性好，运行速度快，比手工配置效率提高几十倍．     

针刺法防治玉环柚采前裂果的效应研究

对用针刺法防治玉环柚采前裂果的效应进行了研究，结果针刺损伤对减少玉环柚采前裂果效果明显，处理时期以果实膨大期为宜，冰冻切片观察，针刺后，果顶端白皮层增厚，刺痕细胞木质化程度显著增加，木质素沉积，周边细胞组织致密，机械强度相应增强。     

Family Outcrossing Rates of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea in Seed Orchard and Natural Populations

Family outcrossing rates of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea populations that differed in origin and management were estimated by using isozyme markers. The family outcrossing rates were estimated by (1)fixing the probability of pollen gene frequency (p); (2) allowing pollen gene frequency to vary among families. The estimates of family outcrossing rates for all the populations varied widely among families (clones of the seed orchard), ranging from 0.39 to 2.0. The average family outcrossing rates of both methods were greater than the     

湿地松种子园无性系间开花结实差异分析

湿地松种子园内无性系间的生长，开花和结实等性状存在着显著差异，无性素水平和单株水平上的性状相关分析结果基本一致，雌花量与结实量，球果长与宽有较密切的相关关系，而无性素的雌花量与雌花量存在负相关关系。     

园林艺术在现代生态果园中的应用

我国传统的采摘果园仅仅是以“采摘”为主要目的，忽视果园的生态效益，并且没有真正起到陶冶情操、景观观赏的作用。将园林艺术融合到采摘、生态功能为一体的现代生态果园中必将是大势所趋。北京市通州区艺术观光采摘园规划设计就是对于果园艺术表达的探究。     

Adaptive properties of Picea abies progenies are influenced by environmental signals during sexual reproduction

Summary Several independent tests have shown that climate and weather during sexual reproduction influence the adaptive properties of the Picea abies progenies. This phenomenon is expressed in seed orchards established by moving parent trees, propagated as grafts, from north to south, from high to low elevation, or from outdoor to indoor greenhouse conditions. The progenies exhibit delayed flushing in the spring, later growth cessation of leader shoots in the summer, delayed bud-set, higher frequency of lammas shoots and delayed development of frost hardiness in the autumn compared to progenies reproduced in the colder native environment. The altered performance is persistent. We have found no effect on progenies of photoperiod and temperature treatments given to the males during meiosis and pollen production. However, when crosses were made in early spring (March), inside a heated greenhouse (short day, high temperature), the progenies are less frost hardy during cold acclimation than progenies from identical crosses performed in late spring (May; long day high temperature) in the greenhouse. The most hardy offspring were from crosses performed under outdoor conditions in May (long day, low temperature). These results indicate that some stages in reproduction, such as female meiosis, pollen tube growth, syngamy and early embryo development, are sensitive to temperature and/or photoperiod which then alter the phenotypic performance of the offspring. The most likely explanation is the existence of a regulatory mechanism affecting the expression of genes controlling adaptive traits. If this is true, it must have implications for the genetic interpretation of provenance differences in Norway spruce.